Abstract Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea is a benign tumor, extremely rare, that generates obstructive symp toms and sometimes is confused with asthma, which delays its diagnosis. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman with history of asthma and airway obstruction, of 8-months duration. Fibrobronchoscopy showed polypoid, pedunculated lesion in first tracheal ring which occluded 80% of the lumen, that was resected. The histopatho logical diagnosis was pleomorphic adenoma with lipometaplasia. Treatment of these tumors consists in complete resection of the lesion and long-term follow-up due to low probability of recurrence, malignancy and metastasis.

Resumen El adenoma pleomorfo de tráquea es un tumor benigno, infrecuente, que genera cuadros obstructivos, pudiendo confundirse con asma, lo que retrasa su diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 40 años con antecedentes de asma y episodios de obstrucción respiratoria de 8 meses de evolución. La fibrobroncoscopía mostró una lesión polipoide, pediculada, en el primer anillo traqueal, con oclusión de 80% de la luz, que se resecó. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue adenoma pleomorfo con lipometaplasia. El tratamiento de estos tumores consiste en la resección completa de la lesión y seguimiento a largo plazo por la baja proba bilidad de recurrencia, malignización y metástasis.

Abstract Histoplasma capsulatum is an environmental fungus commonly found in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys, Central and South America, and Asia. The most affected areas in Argentina are the Paraná and de La Plata river basins. Patients with histoplasmosis can have a wide range of clinical presentations. Most of them are asymptomatic, while those with compromised cellular immunity are at increased risk for the disseminated form. We present the case of a patient undergoing treatment with methotrexate for seronegative arthritis who developed the disseminated form of the disease, and who represented a diagnostic challenge due to the difficulty in identifying the etiologic agent.

Resumen Histoplasma capsulatum es un hongo ambiental que se encuentra distribuido comúnmente en los valles de los ríos Ohio y Mississippi, América Central, Sudamérica y Asia. Las zonas más afectadas en Argentina son las cuencas de los ríos Paraná y de La Plata. Los pacientes con histoplasmosis tienen una amplia variedad de manifestaciones clínicas. La mayoría son asintomáticos, mientras que aquellos con com promiso de la inmunidad celular tienen un riesgo aumentado de padecer la forma diseminada. Presentamos el caso de una mujer adulta, en tratamiento con metotrexato por una artritis seronegativa, que desarrolló la forma diseminada de la enfermedad, y que representó un desafío diagnóstico debido a la dificultad para identificar el agente etiológico.

SUMMARY Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is the rarest tumor of the thyroid gland, representing less than 2% of clinically recognized thyroid cancers. Typically, it has an extremely rapid onset, fatal outcomes in most cases, and a median overall survival of 3 to 10 months despite aggressive multidisciplinary management. The presence of targetable mutations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma patients is an opportunity for treatment when conventional therapeutics approaches are not effective, a frequent situation in the majority of patients. We present our experience in the management of a patient with unresectable anaplastic thyroid cancer who had a remarkable and rapid response to treatment with dabrafenib and trametinib during the COVID-19 pandemic. After four weeks of dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily plus trametinib 2 mg daily, he showed a dramatic reduction of the cervical mass around 90%. Nearly eight weeks under treatment with dabrafenib plus trametinib, the patient remains with minimal locoregional disease without distant metastases.